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樟林

From Xiangcun Baike
Located in: 广东省 Guangdong Province › 汕头市 Shantou City › 澄海区 Chenghai District › 东里镇 Dongli Town
樟林
Zhanglin
Chinese name樟林
English nameZhanglin
TypeNatural village
Located in东里镇 Dongli Town
澄海区 Chenghai District
汕头市 Shantou City
广东省 Guangdong Province
Coordinates23.5737°N 116.8248°E
Area code0754
Sights樟林古港、新兴街、新围天后宫
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樟林是广东省汕头市澄海区东里镇北部的古聚落和旧港埠，在韩江出海口一带，靠近澄海与饶平的交界。[1][3] 聚落在明嘉靖三十五年（1556年）因防海盗、倭寇而筑寨成形；清康熙二十三年（1684年）开海禁以后，樟林港逐渐成为粤东主要的出海口岸，红头船由此往来南北沿海和东南亚。[3]

如今的樟林已不是一个单独的行政区，旧日的「六社」「八街」分属东里镇的多个村。[3][5]

历史沿革[edit]

1981年当地文物普查时发现的一批抄本档案，记载了开村的经过：嘉靖三十五年，原先散居在莲花山麓的各小村，共15姓排年户的代表，向潮州知府呈文，请求在山下的埔地合建一处设防的新聚落，这是樟林开村的起点。[3] 在此之前，居民多以捕鱼为生；开村后的一百多年里，村寨还多次被海盗攻破。[3] 地方志里「樟林寨创自明初」的说法，据这批档案并不可靠。[3]

清康熙至雍正年间，位于东、西、南、北四社之间的石墙城寨成了周边的政治军事中心，设有巡检司、守备署、汛署和驿塘等机构。[3] 博雅地名网转述碑记，说雍正七年（1729年）在此设巡检司。[4]

樟林港[edit]

康熙二十三年（1684年）开海禁后，樟林因河海交汇、水路可通府城和韩江上游，成了东南沿海重要的帆船贸易口岸，乾隆、嘉庆年间最盛。[3] 红头船北到上海、天津，南到广州、琼州和东南亚各地。[3] 红头船因船头涂红漆得名，据百度百科，雍正元年（1723年）官府要求民船把大桅上部和船头涂红，用来同海盗船区分，这种船型最早出自樟林古港。[7] 港埠格局称「八街六社」：「六社」是东、南、西、北社加新陇、塘西，「八街」据塘西村的村情，为仙园、仙桥、广盛、永兴、顺兴、古新、洽兴、长发八条街；百度百科的樟林古港条则把其中一条写作「商园」。[2][5] 仙桥街和长发街最繁华，坊间有「金仙桥，银长发」的说法。[2]

乾隆末年到嘉庆初年，洋船商人在港口南岸建起货栈区，即新兴街。据陈春声的研究，街长180多米，有54间两层货栈，由林咸惠等人经营；博雅地名网所载的村情则称是程洋岗蔡氏等船主于嘉庆七年（1802年）所建，街长200多米，两说不同。[3][6]

文化[edit]

樟林先后有四座天后宫：莲花山麓的灵感宫、已毁的暗芒宫、港口近海处的新围天后宫，以及城寨中央的城内天后宫。[3] 新围天后宫修于乾隆五十二年至五十七年（1787—1792年），殿前两庑立有乾隆五十六年的22块捐款碑，捐款者有粤东、闽南沿海的官绅，也有韩江上游嘉应州、大埔的信众，更多的是港上的商船户和商号；1918年大地震和1922年「八二风灾」后，大门和正殿倒塌。[3] 城内天后宫建于乾隆五十九年，规模很小，至今仍有信众。[3]

1971年和1972年，樟林附近的河滩先后出土两艘清代红头船，其中一艘刻有「蔡万利商船」的字样。[3]

近现代[edit]

1860年汕头开埠，加上港口河道淤塞，樟林港的地位被汕头港取代。[3] 民国以后，「八街」的范围设樟林镇，「六社」和新兴街则各成一乡，共七个乡。[3] 2019年，樟林古港被公布为广东省文物保护单位。[2]

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Places of the same name

Places whose name is also 樟林 Zhanglin once the word for what they are - village, community, town, township, subdistrict, county, city, district and the like - is set aside; the nearest first: in the same town, county, city and province, then elsewhere.

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References

  1. 樟林 . 百度百科 . 2026-10-13查阅
  2. 樟林古港 . 百度百科 . 2026-10-13查阅
  3. 陈春声：乡村的故事与国家的历史——以樟林为例兼论传统乡村社会研究的方法问题 . 爱思想（陈春声） . 2026-10-13查阅
  4. 澄海区东里镇文化旅游景点 . 博雅地名网 . 2026-10-13查阅
  5. 澄海区东里镇塘西村历史沿革 . 博雅地名网 . 2026-10-13查阅
  6. 澄海区东里镇新兴街村 . 博雅地名网 . 2026-10-13查阅
  7. 红头船 . 百度百科 . 2026-10-13查阅

This article was last changed on 2026-10-13 17:01 (history).

Data source: OpenStreetMap (ODbL)